OOP

OOP

  • Understand the details of object-oriented syntax elements in ABAP Objects and use these effectively
  • Create object-oriented models of business applications
  • Use the tools in the ADT 2.70 to develop object-oriented applications

what problems we were having in Procedural programming.

  • Long code due to variable declaration
  • Extensive processing after SQL statement
  • Multiple Commands to perform simple operations
  • Code reusability and Maintenance

SAP’s solution

  • In-line declaration
  • SQL Expressions
  • ABAP Expressions
  • OOP

Advantages of OOP over Procedural programming

  • Improved software structure and consistency in the development process
  • Reduced maintenance efforts and less susceptibility to errors
  • Better integration of the customer/user into the analysis, design, and maintenance process
  • Easier and safer possibilities for extending the software

OOP in ABAP

  • Essentially the same as those of other modern object-oriented languages like C++ or Java
  • Some elements present in ABAP objects are not offered in C++ and Java
  • Some specific features of ABAP objects only exist because of the guaranteed downward compatibility of older ABAP language elements

OOP Model of ABAP Objects

  • ABAP Objects statements can be used in procedural ABAP programs
  • Objects (classes) contain procedural ABAP statements
  • In the object-oriented context :
  1. Only object-oriented concepts that have been proven useful
  2. Increased use of type checks
  3. Obsolete statements are prohibited

OOP Model of ABAP Objects Example

OOP
OOP Model Of ABAP

Class and objects

Class:


General Description of Objects
  • Specifies status data (attributes) and behavior (methods)
  • Example: Person, Employee

Object:

Representation of section of the real world
  • Concrete form/specimen/instance of a class
  • Example: Xed, Shayne

Attributes

Public Attributes

  • Generally Visible
  • Generally Changeable
  • Exception: READ-ONLY Addition

Protected Attributes

  • accessible to all methods of the class and of classes that inherit from it.

Private Attributes

  • Only visible within the class
  • Only changeable within the class

Attributes
Attributes


Attributes

Static Attributes

  • Exist per class
  • Can be called without instantiation
  • Definition with CLASS-DATA

Instance Attributes

  • Exist per instance
  • Can only be called if class is instantiated
  • Defined with DATA

Methods

  • Internal procedures in classes that determine the behavior of the objects
  • Can access all attributes in their class and can therefore change the state of other elements
  • Methods have a signature (interface parameters) that enables them to receive values when they are called and pass back values back to the calling program
Methods
Method


Interface Parameters

  • Can have any number of IMPORTING, EXPORTING, CHANGING, and RETURNING VALUE parameters
  • All parameters can be passed by value or reference
  • Input parameters can be mandatory or OPTIONAL parameters with a DEFAULT value
Parameters
Interface Parameter

Methods

  • Public Methods

         Can generally be called outside the class

  • Protected Methods

         Can be called within the class and subclass.

  • Private Methods

         Can only be called within the class

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