ABAP/4 is a 4th-generation programming


 ABAP/4 is a 4th-generation programming language proprietary to SAP

ABAP

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a programming language for developing applications for the SAP R/3 system, a widely installed business application subsystem. The latest version, ABAP Objects, is object-oriented programming. SAP will run applications written using ABAP/4, the earlier ABAP version, as well as applications using ABAP Objects.

SAP's original business model for R/3 was developed before the idea of an object-oriented model was widespread. The transition to the object-oriented model reflects an increased customer demand for it. ABAP Objects uses a single inheritance model and full support for object features such as encapsulation, polymorphism, and persistence.

  General Types of ABAP Developments

type of ABAP developments


ABAP Reports

ABAP reports

  •        Reports are used  when data from a number of tables have to be selected and      processed before presenting.
  •        Used when reports demand  a special format.
  •        Used when the report has to be downloaded from SAP to an Excel sheet to be distributed across.
  •        Used when the report has to be mailed to a particular person.
  •        Report Programs are always Executable Programs. Program Type is always 1.
  •        Every Report program corresponds to a particular Application Type i.e. either with Sales & Distribution, FI - CO etc. It can also be Cross Application i.e. type 
  •        Report Programming is an Event-driven programming.
  •        The first line of a report program is always Report <report-name>.
  •        In order to suppress the list heading or the name of the program, the addition No Standard Page Heading is used.
  •        The line size for a particular report can be set by using the addition line-size <size>.
  •        The line count for a particular page can be set by using the addition line-count n(n1). N is the number of lines for the page and N1 is the number of lines reserved for the page footer.
  •        To display any information or error message we add a message class to the program using the addition: Message-id <message class name>. Message classes are maintained in SE91.


ABAP Interfaces


ABAP Interfaces


ABAP Conversions

ABAP Cinversions



ABAP Extensions

  • Customizing / User-Exits

user_exits

User Exit is implemented in the form of subroutines so they are also known as “Form Exits”, they are normally used as the collection of Included and attached to the standard program in SAP.
User Exits are first built for R/3 Sale and Distribution module they are the empty subroutines that SAP ABAP developer can fill with their own business logic to enhance or change the business Process.

Technically we called user Exit as modification, All User Exists start with the word USEREXIT

For Example:
Form USEREXIT_XXXX…
                INCLUDE ZZUSEREXIT….
ENDUSERFORM.

To check the user Exit go to Object Navigator (SE80) select the page and put VMOD (Application development R/3 SD customer modifications and Press Enter. You will find all the includes for the User Exits in Sale and Distribution 

  • Modifications

modifications


Modification in SAP Standards code is not recommended when you update the code in sap standard program if any issue or error occurs in that module this enhancement is not longer supported by SAP. Any update on the module can override the custom code so it's not recommended to do modification into sap Standard code.

  • New ABAP Development

new ABAP development

A transaction in SAP is like a program in normal computer languages, and is identified by a four-character transaction code. A transaction can be initiated directly from the command field on the presentation interface or from the corresponding menu option. There are two kinds of transactions: report and dialog transactions.
  • Dialog programs consist of more than one interactive screen called a Dynpro. These transactions sometimes also need preselected information for triggering them, not unlike the explicit selection screens in report programs; these are called parameter transactions Report transactions are SAP programs that collect selection parameters from the selection screen followed by the output called the lists.

  • Add-on / Bolt-on

bolt-on


Add-On is one of the means of delivering our software to the client. It’s a package which contains the entire requests specific to a development and is made using an Add-On assembly Kit which has to be installed to the server prior to packaging. We can deliver software that is supplementary to the SAP standard in different ways, namely:  In the form of transport requests As  Add-Ons are not allowed to modify SAP Kernel objects or SAP Basis objects, and are not dependent on a specific database or operating system. Third-party software vendors may purchase an SAP development license and the ABAP workbench in order to enhance SAP applications with Add-Ons. Because these third-party ABAP Add-Ons are to be transported into existing SAP customer code with their own registered namespaces, SAP offers the ABAP certification program to ensure that the installation adheres to SAP guidelines and runs smoothly.








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